| Legal issues and improvement directions | 143 (38.3) | Withholding or withdrawal of LST (58), LST decisions act (32), advance directives (14), POLST treatment (9), hospices (9), dying phase (6) medical institution ethics committee (3), terminal patients (3), terminal care (3), others (comparative law 4, advance care planning 1, end of life option 1) | Advance directives | 174 (35.7) | Advance directives (87), knowledge (39), attitude (33), awareness (6) of advance directives (6), intention of completion (5), learning needs (2), self-efficacy (1) of advance directives, validity and reliability (1) |
| Right to self- determination | 64 (17.1) | Self-determination (40), autonomy (12), consent (3), right to die with dignity (8), capability approach (1) | POLST | 124 (25.5) | POLST (63), attitude (34), completion (7), knowledge (6), withholding or withdrawal (5), intention of completion (3), awareness (3), role perception of POLST (2), validity and reliability (1) |
| Death with dignity | 63 (16.8) | Euthanasia (18), dignified death (17), physician-assistant suicide (14), assisted dignity (9), well-dying law (1), death with dignity act (2), slippery slope argument (1), euthanasia and assisted death review board (1) | Contemplation on death | 78 (16.0) | Death (38), good death recognition (23), death anxiety (6), death attitude (2), attitudes of dignified death (2), death education (2), death orientation (2), quality of death (2), death acceptance (1) |
| Surrogate decision-making | 40 (10.7) | Surrogate decision-making (6), adult guardianship (5), presumptive intention (5), minors (4), best interest (5), agent (3), family decision (3), incompetent patients (3), unrepresented persons (2), others (paternalism 1, beneficence-in-trust 1, quality of life 1, persons with disabilities 1) | Decision- making | 37 (7.6) | Decision-making (11), right to self determination (7), surrogate decision-making (3), autonomy (3), consensus guideline (1), communication (4), health service utilization (2), end-of-life discussion (1), shared decision making (1), conflict (1), decision making pattern (1), preference (1), critical thinking (1) |
| Contemplation on death | 27 (7.2) | Good death (10), death (8), death education (6), quality of death (1), normalization of death (1), issue of life and death (1) | End-of-life care | 22 (4.5) | Nursing stress on LST (5), terminal care (5), terminal nursing care performance (3), attitudes of nurse toward terminal care (3), demand for caring at the end-of-life (2), competency of terminal care (1), perception of hospice (1), palliative care (1) |
| Biomedical ethics | 23 (6.1) | Bioethics (5), bioethics education (4), bioethics of empathy (1), a view of life and death (1), biopolitics (4), protection of life (1), edith stein (2), ethical values (1), ethical reflection (2), post-human (1), foucault (1) | Biomedical ethics | 18 (3.7) | Consciousness of biomedical ethics (12), moral sensitivity (3), bioethics education (1), clinical ethics support services (1), ethical values (1) |
| Legal basis | 15 (4.0) | Right to life (9), human worth and dignity (6) | Psychosocial factor | 9 (1.8) | Self-esteem (2), confidence (1), family function (1), ego integrity (1), anxiety (1), resilience (1), social support (1), emotional suffering (1) |
| | | Value of life | 5 (1.0) | Satisfaction of life (2), meaning of life (1), quality of life (1), good life (1) |
| | | Others | 20 (4.2) | Non-cancer patient of LST (5: alzheimer, congestive heart failure), nursing professionalism (1), patient rights awareness (1), cardiac arrest survival rate (1), illness understanding (1), cardiopulmonary resuscitation rate (1), cancer treatment attitude (1), hospital duration (1), knowledge and attitude of organ donation and transplantation (2), pediatric (1), intensive care unit hospitality (1), death rate (1), rapid response team (1), antibiotics (1), cognition of nursing role (1) |
| Total (%) | 373 (100) | | Total (%) | 487 (100) | |