Table 3 Differences in moral sensitivity, moral distress, and caring behavior according to general characteristics

Category		Moral sensitivit				Moral distress				Caring behavior
		Mean ± SD	t/F	p	post-hoc	Mean ± SD	t/F	P	post-hoc	Mean ± SD	t/F	p	post-hoc
Sex	Male	135.20 ± 4.82	0.47	.638		67.20 ± 79.76	-1.04	.300		97.20 ± 16.21	-0 71	.476
	Female	132.55 ± 12.45				93.10 ± 54.96				102.48 ± 16.18
Age	≤25a	126.92 ± 13.06	6.75	.002	c>a	57.77 ± 30.65	7.22	.001	b,c>a	94.19 ± 6.98	4.52	.013	c,b>a
	26-30b	131.93 ± 9.92				102.02 ± 54.74				103.77 ± 13.82
	>31c	137.68 ± 13.09				100.50 ± 58.51				105.53 ± 17.37
Religion	Christiana	133.50 ± 9.29	0.71	.585		101.69 ± 41.40	1.27	.285		108.12 ± 14.99	1.15	.337
	Catholicb	135.45 ± 11.14				102.55 ± 69.05				99.32 ± 16.31
	Buddhismc	132.44 ± 14.82				59.44 ± 38.46				100.33 ± 15.49
	Nod	131.21 ± 13.33				89.03 ± 54.93				101.19 ± 16.55
Education level	Associate	134.33 ± 16.67	0.10	.902		80.50 ± 39.61	0.14	.870		107.17 ± 15.42	0.99	.375
	Bachelor	132.45 ± 11.97				92.68 ± 53.83				101.35 ± 16.39
	Master	133.50 ± 13.03				92.29 ± 67.00				106.79 ± 14.47
Marriage	No	131.54 ± 11.90	-1.38	.169		81.63 ± 52.40	-2.97	.004		101.43 ± 15.74	-0.78	.438
	Yes	134.76 ± 12.71				111.60 ±53.67				103.83 ± 16.98
Child	No	131.53 ± 11.78	-1.74	.084		87.34 ± 52.98	-1.62	.107		101.08 ± 15.72	-1.38	.169
	Yes	135.94 ± 13.12				105.65 ± 57.54				105.71 ± 17.14
Career	≤3a	131.70 ± 12.21	0.61	.543		69.70 ± 36.70	10.85	<.001	b,c>a	100.21 ± 16.22	0.98	.377
	4-6b	132.38 ± 10.07				118.21 ± 54.67				105.06 ± 13.87
	≥7c	134.71 ± 14.42				103.68 ± 65.51				102.90 ± 18.24
Position	Staff nurse	131.94 ± 1.79	-1.28	.204		87.88 ± 52.58	-1.66	.100		101.65 ± 14.93	-0.69	.496
	Charge nurse	135.44 ± 13.71				108.00 ± 59.91				104.64 ± 20.37
Average number of children for per duty	≤3	131.54 ± 11.55	-0.88	.383		93.48 ± 48.79	0.25	.801		102.33 ± 17.30	0.04	.971
	>3	133.51 ± 12.75				90.94 ± 58.82				102.22 ± 15.36
Ethical dilemma experience	No	128.47 ± 11.94	-1.64	.104		66.11 ±47.54	-2.30	.023		105.53 ±13.48	0.96	.340
	Yes	133.44 ± 12.19				96.86 ± 54.29				101.66 ±16.59
Need for professional counseling	No	128.96 ± 13.03	-2.98	.003		85.46 ± 56.86	-1.15	.252		98.52 ± 17.48	-2.25	.026
	Yes	135.45 ± 10.89				96.99 ± 52.59				105.09 ± 14.57
Ethics education/seminar experience	No	130.39 ± 11.60	-2.40	.018		86.75 ± 51.46	-1.23	.221		101.22 ± 17.40	-0.82	.414
	Yes	135.67 ± 12.52				99.04 ± 58.13				103.65 ± 14.37
Number of attendances	≤3	135.90 ± 12.45	0.24	.814		98.10 ± 58.97	-0.24	.834		104.70 ± 13.97	0.96	.343
	>3	134.92 ± 13.26				102.17 ±57.63				100.17 ± 15.77

SD: standard deviation